There are many times during the journey and part-time life when we feel the need for a power bank. In such a situation, today we have brought a list of select power banks for you, which can charge your smartphone anywhere and anytime. These include power banks like Mi 20000mAh Power Bank 2i, Ambrane P-2000, Syska Power Boost and Flipkart Smartbuy.
Best Power Bank in India: For smartphone users, their phone battery is very important. In this way, the smartphone makers give strong battery to the smartphone keeping in mind the users. In such a situation, there are many times during the journey and part-time life when we feel the need of power bank. In such a situation, today we have brought a list of select power banks for you, which can charge your smartphone anywhere and anytime. If you are also planning to buy a power bank, then take a look at this list (Best Power Bank in India). Also Read – Xiaomi Mi Power Bank 3i launched in India with 20,000mAh capacity, 18W fast charging, know price
Mi 20000mAh Power Bank 2i
Chinese smartphone company Xiaomi is also known for its smart accessories. Xiaomi has launched several power banks in the market, including Mi 20,000mAh power bank. The first number in our list is this power bank as it supports Quick Charge 3.0. This power bank with metal clad design has the ability to charge both Micro-USB and USB-C devices. This power bank can charge two devices at a time. Also Read – Xiaomi launches 30 thousand mAh power bank, iPhone can be charged 10 times
Ambrane P-2000 20,800mAh
Ambrane company’s power bank P-2000 comes with a very strong 20,800mAh capacity. With the help of this power bank, you can charge three devices simultaneously. This power bank, which comes with a high conversion rate, has the ability to quickly charge the smartphone. Along with this, the buyers also get an LED flashlight. Also Read – Gionee introduces 10,000mAh capacity wireless power bank in India for Rs 1,299
Flipkart Smartbuy 20,000mAh
E-commerce company Flipkart also makes smart accessories for its buyers under Flipkart Smartbuy. Flipkart’s power bank comes with a capacity of 20,000mAh with dual USB ports. Along with this, LED flashlight has also been provided in it.
Intex IT-PBA 20,000mAh
Intex is a popular brand among computer and mobile phone accessories companies. Although Intex also manufactures smartphones, but its power banks are also very strong. The Intex’s IT-PBA comes with 20,000mAh capacity. This power bank comes with dual USB ports.
Ambrane P-1310 13,000mAh
Ambrane’s power bank comes with a sleek design in which the company has also provided an LED flashlight. This power bank comes with a 13,000mAh battery which can be purchased from Amazon in a seven color option.
Mi 10000mAh Power Bank 2i
Xiaomi has another power bank Mi 10,000mAh Power Bank 2i in this list. This power bank of Xiaomi also has the ability to charge both Micro-USB and USB-C devices, but it does not support Quick Charge 3.0.
Syska Power Boost 100 (10,000mAh)
The Syska Power Boost 100 Power Bank comes with a 10,000mAh capacity. The company has provided dual USB ports in it. This power bank can charge two devices simultaneously.
Intex IT-PB16K 16,000mAh
Intex IT-PB16K, the power bank of the Ittex company, also comes with two USB ports, with the help of which users can charge two devices simultaneously. It also has an LED indicator display which also tells how much battery is left with the charging status.
Intex IT-PB11K 11,000mAh
Another power bank of Intex Company is included in this list. The 11,000mAh capacity bank is quite portable and has three USB ports that allow you to charge three devices simultaneously.
Lenovo 13,000mAh
lenovo also manufactures accessories in addition to laptops, tablets and smartphones. Lenevo’s power bank comes with 13,000mAh capacity. Lenevo’s power bank comes with a high conversion rate. This means that this power bank has the ability to charge your smartphone quickly.
ZDNet website has launched a study to find out why some users are not updating to newer Windows and see why some users are still using Windows 7?
According to the ZDNet website, about 10% of visitors to the website still use Windows 7. Due to the high percentage of Windows 7 users, this website started a research and tried to reveal the secret of this category of users by conducting a poll.
The whole curiosity started when the US Government’s Digital Analytic Program report was released and ZDNet executives noticed that 10% of visitors were running Windows 7. This was very interesting considering the antiquity of Windows 7; Windows 8 and 8.1 users, on the other hand, accounted for half that amount. This prompted the media to conduct a poll to clarify the cause of the incident. Within a week of the poll launching, 3,200 responses were sent to them along with 50 direct emails. The result was amazing.
The survey asked users questions. We will continue to review the users’ answers by asking questions.
Are you planning to migrate to Windows 10 in the next 12 months?
Participants answered 58% “no”, 27% “not sure” and 16% “yes”.
Several survey participants blamed Windows 7 for slow corporate system updates, and two blamed the delay in enterprise IT updates on the Covid 19 virus epidemic. Some users also considered the lack of manpower in the company’s IT unit as the reason for the good in updating. Finally, less than one percent of respondents blamed the organization for not updating to Windows 10 because their computers were company-owned and not privately owned; Therefore, the decision about its operating system is also the responsibility of the company.
Do you pay for additional support from Microsoft?
Although Microsoft has stopped releasing monthly updates for Windows 7; But for those who purchased the Extended Security Updates subscription, it still releases updates. This subscription is not cheap at all; So buying it for small businesses is not economically justified.
In response to this question, only 6% of respondents answered “yes” to purchasing an ESU subscription, 3% did not know about the subscription, and the remaining 91% used Windows 7 without receiving a security update.
Some survey participants admitted that computers running Windows 7 do not connect to the Internet, while others said they try to keep other software up-to-date to avoid problems. Few believed that Microsoft was exaggerating the security threats to the operating system, which was no longer supported by the company, in order to direct customers to a new version of the operating system or to charge customers for security updates.
What is your main reason for not using higher versions of Windows?
The answers to this question were very interesting and started the turning point of this research. In fact, there were five optional answers to this question, the fifth of which was “Other” and users could choose to comment. About a thousand people chose this option and wrote their reasons in the description box.
A group then studied the descriptions and categorized them into larger categories. 10% of the responses were unclassifiable, leaving 2,855 responses for classification.
User responses were categorized into 8 categories as follows:
42% compatibility:
The most common reason people do not migrate to up-to-date versions of Windows is incompatibility. Compatibility issues in terms of both hardware and software are the main reasons for not using newer versions of Windows. Forty percent of the participants chose the adaptation option, and 2 percent of them chose the “other items” option, and then cited one of the incompatibility problems in the description.
For example, someone connected his computer to an old CNC milling machine and had to start it to be fully compatible with Windows 7. In addition, many older Windows 10 driver peripherals do not. Also, others had purchased a regular subscription to the Adobe Creative software suite and were reluctant to change Windows.
Among the answers they explained, the most belonged to the fans of Windows Media Center. About 1.5 percent of respondents in this section paid homage and loyalty to Windows Media Center, which is unparalleled in its kind.
Reluctance to change Windows 32%:
17% of users chose the “I do not like to change Windows” option out of five options. However, a similar number had chosen the “other items” option and explained that they had chosen Windows 7 themselves and did not want to install a replacement for Windows 10.
A detailed study of the response of this group of people was classified into 4 sections. These four sections are:
1) Most people did not like Windows 10 due to apparent reasons, technical defects, instability, etc. 2) About a quarter of these people did not mention for a specific reason and only expressed their disgust and hatred towards Windows 10. Together, these two groups make up about 10 percent of dissatisfied users. 3) A few also emphasized their interest in Windows 7 and stated that they preferred it to Windows 10. 4) Some users believed that Windows 7 is better than Windows 10 and in terms of user interface, more stability and control of the user on Windows is a better experience for users. Especially since Windows 10 performs security updates without user intervention. Overall, the two groups of Windows 7 fans accounted for a total of another 7 percent, up from 17 percent in the previous two groups.
Updating to the new Windows is expensive 10%:
Surprisingly, a relatively large number of people mentioned this option, as upgrades from older Windows to Windows 10 are still free and cost-effective. For example, a user from the Middle East said in an answer that updating to the new Windows is not reasonable at all, given the difference between the dollar and the currency of his country.
Mandatory Windows 10 security updates with 5%:
Many participants expressed their dissatisfaction with the mandatory updates and flawed updates of Windows 10. For example, one participant said:
So far I have not had to reinstall any operating system due to an incomplete and flawed update, although this process seems to be repeated in Windows 10.
Another user explicitly complained about the inability to control updates, saying:
I own my computer, so I have to decide when to install the updates, not Microsoft!
Privacy, telemetry and information spying 3%:
The group consisted of people who were dissatisfied with information spying and privacy by Microsoft Telemetry, and about one percent of the group clearly used the term “uncertainty.”
Fear of updating, inability to update and being too busy 3%:
Some participants were concerned about the loss of specific information or programs and therefore did not seek updates.
Also, there are people who are so busy that they do not have time to install the new Windows and install all the programs they need. Another third of the people in this group also have outdated hardware and are unable to upgrade. In the meantime, someone explained in explaining the reason for not installing Windows 10 that the only reason was “laziness”.
3% training and support:
It was anticipated that more people would fall into this category; But it seems that many users will cope well with the changes.
Move to 1% Linux platform:
Finally, a small number of survey participants said they had migrated to the Linux operating system or were moving to the Linux platform.
Imagine working with the best mouse on the market; How much easier and better is your work? Maybe it’s time to upgrade your work or leisure tools with the help of a mouse shopping guide.
Choosing a bad mouse can cause strain on the wrist and extreme fatigue in the fingers. If you are a person who uses the mouse a lot, your wrists and fingers will probably hurt sometimes. Part of it has to do with not using this device properly; Part of that has to do with not choosing a comfortable mouse. In addition, a good mouse plays a key role in computer games and designing and working with graphic software. But before buying this device, it is better to first review the mouse buying guide so that you can make the right choice based on your use. In this article, some of the best museums of 2020 have been introduced so that your information in this field will be completely updated. Stay with us.
The best mice on the market
Best Mouse: Razer Deathadder Elite
Best Wireless Mouse: Logitech MX Master 3
Best Game Mouse: Steelseries Rival 710
Best Low Price Mouse: Logitech G203 Prodigy
Best Mouse for Work: Microsoft Intellimouse
Mouse Buying Guide
Using a mouse when working with a computer or laptop can increase the speed and quality of your work. The versatility of the mouse is a good reason to spend enough time researching before buying it. To speed up your research, here is a guide to buying a mouse. By studying each part of it, you can determine one of the mouse features you need.
Wireless mouse; Yes or no?
Whether or not you should buy a wireless mouse is a personal decision. Using a wireless mouse, you will get rid of the hassle of having to deal with the mouse wire, but instead you have to take the risk of draining the mouse battery at the wrong time. Some wireless mice have a charging cradle, so you do not need to buy batteries for them regularly, although you should now remember to place the mouse in the cradle or station. Some other switches may have an on / off switch to conserve energy; This feature is only useful when you remember to turn it off when you’re done.
In the case of wireless receivers, some have nano-receivers that plug into a USB port. Others have larger wireless receivers that protrude a few inches from the USB port. As you might guess, nano receivers are usually more expensive, but they can be the best option for you if you travel frequently.
With a wired mouse, you no longer have to worry about the battery or receiver because it receives the power it needs from the USB or PS2 port of your computer or laptop. However, the downside is that you are literally completely connected to your computer and can only move as long as the mouse cord.
Mouse receivers
Battery life is a concern for wireless mice. Note if the wireless mouse you are testing uses a standard-sized receiver that protrudes from the laptop, or a nano-receiver that allows you to replace the laptop without having to remove it. . Does the mouse receiver have a base? Gadgets like USB flash drives, ballpoint pens, and spare keys or mouse receivers are easy to fit in, so having a magnetic placeholder or a slot for them is extremely useful.
Likewise, make sure that the appropriate receiver is with the mouse. This is usually not a problem for mussels that use 2.4 GHz wireless technology, but many mussels that use Bluetooth often do not have a Bluetooth receiver. Before buying a Bluetooth mouse, check whether your computer can be integrated via Bluetooth or not.
Laser or optical mouse?
Muses work by tracking dots per square inch (dots per inch or DPI). Higher DPIs cause the cursor icon to move more with the same amount of mouse movement. An optical mouse can track between 400 and 800 DPI, while in general a laser mouse can detect more than 2,000 DPI. So decide do you need an optical mouse or a laser?
Do not let higher DPIs fool you. Normally, your mouse does not need such accurate tracking for everyday tasks, and an optical mouse would be fine. (Even the accuracy of some of them is too much and annoying.) However, gamers and graphic designers often welcome extra sensitivity.
Ergonomic mouse
Perhaps the most important aspect of any computer peripheral is its ease of use, and when it comes to the mouse, convenience is a key feature. Ergonomics is important for the mouse because it can help prevent repetitive injuries. However, ergonomics is not a feature that is the same for everyone, and it is not enough for a manufacturer to claim that their device is ergonomic.
Unfortunately, the only way to tell if a mouse is comfortable is to use it for a long time, which is difficult to do without buying a mouse. Like other computer peripherals, research the mouse before buying it. If it is not possible to use the mouse for a long time, if you wish, you can let its beauty influence your decision. However, graphic designers, PC gamers, and other users who have been using the mouse for a long time should pay attention to it; Not his beauty.
Standard size or travel mouse?
Although there is no comprehensive sizing among mouse manufacturers, many mice come in two different sizes: standard or travel. Even if you never intend to take your mouse out of the house, travel museums are often more comfortable for people with smaller hands. Likewise, a traveler may always want to use a life-size mouse because disproportionate mice can be a nuisance.
Customizable buttons
Everyone knows about right-click and left-click buttons, as well as the scroll wheel in the middle of the mouse. But some mice also have extra buttons, which are usually located on the side of the device. These buttons can be programmed for specific tasks, such as the Back button in your Internet browser. These keys can be very useful if you are constantly working on certain programs, and they are usually easy to set up.
Answer to gaming
Fans of online computer games need muses who can respond quickly and accurately. To buy a gaming mouse, the features to consider include the input mechanism; Such as a laser that may not work on reflective surfaces, or a rubber ball, tracker resolution, and the speed at which motion is transmitted to a computer. If you want to learn more about buying a gaming mouse, see this article in our mag.
Tesco Gaming Mouse Model TM 2018N
TSCOTM 2018N Gaming Mouse
Wireless or wired mouse buying guide
Wireless mice are generally easier to use because of the ease of carrying the wires that a wired mouse has, but the downside of wireless mice is their 8 millisecond delay. It also costs a lot to replace the batteries regularly.
The 8 millisecond delay is not at all suitable for use with these mice in shooter games, and as you know, all gaming mice are wired. So if you are a graphic designer or gamer, do not even think about buying wireless media.
The best mice on the market
When you decide to upgrade your workstation or gaming device, a new mouse may not be the first thing that comes to mind. However, as stated in the Mouse Shopping Guide, modern computer mice have features that increase your speed while playing or increase your comfort while working. Features such as built-in LEDs and adjustable buttons can make using your computer mouse more interesting.
Now we are going to take a closer look at the best museums of 2020. We have reviewed various gaming, wireless and business media to find the best products available.
Best Mouse: Razer Deathadder Elite
Why you should buy this mouse: Because the Razer Deathadder Elite is an incredibly affordable, versatile mouse. Great for games and daily chores and a good choice for everyone. Of course, it is not a good option for leftists.
Why we chose the Razer Deathadder Elite:
Razer has been at the top of the list of best gaming mouse manufacturers for years, but that is not why Deathadder Elite is on our list. This razor mouse has a great feature with which you can kill your enemies in the game and work in a spreadsheet. Elite is comfortable, accurate and durable, and is understated, so you can probably call it an upgraded version.
Computer Mouse Buying Guide
The Deathadder Elite has a sensitivity of up to 16000 DPI, but more importantly, it is fully customizable. This means that no matter what style of mouse control you prefer, you can customize the Elite to your liking. It also has mechanical mouse switches that are very durable, so you do not have to replace them for years. Deathadder Elite even fully supports the Chroma Razer lighting system. You may not care about RGB, but Razer software gives you full control, so you can turn it on or off if you want.
The side and main buttons of this mouse are also programmable, so you can add custom macros or commands as you wish. Even if you want to add this input option to your favorite console, Elite is compatible with Xbox One. Deathadder Elite may not be our favorite gaming mouse or the best choice for our office work, but even though the price is not astronomical, it meets all our needs to make sure we call it the best mouse in the world.
Note: If you are left-handed, the Razer Deathadder Elite is not your mouse. But Razer has the left-hand version of the original Deathadder, which lacks the high Elite sensitivity and has the same excellent ergonomics and software support.
Best Wireless Mouse: Logitech MX Master 3
Why you should buy this mouse: Because it is easy to customize and customize, and it works for you with a monthly charge. Despite the ability to use multiple PCs simultaneously, having USB-C for charging, customizable software and high battery life, MX M wireless mouse
The components and elements inside a computer case are called computer hardware. Among the computer hardware (accessories), we can mention hard drive, RAM, graphics, etc. Computer hardware consists of several parts, but the most important part is the motherboard. Because all the components inside the case are connected to the motherboard so that your system has its own working process. In computers, hardware and software are interconnected. Without software, a computer’s hardware will have no function. Also, without hardware installation (to perform tasks by the software through the central processing unit), the efficiency of the software will be useless. Computer hardware is limited to tasks that are designed to be independent and very simple. Software implements algorithms (problem solutions) that allow a computer to perform much more complex tasks.
Case, protective role in computer hardware – types of computer hardware
Bags, while useless without computer hardware, serve as a power supply protector. If you take all the hardware out of the case, you will find the drive racks and expansion slots well. 3.5-inch and 5-inch shelves can be used to hold hard drives and disk drives. Today, however, there are small cases called “mini-cases” that have much smaller shelves that reach 1.4 inches. Development slots are located on the back of the cases, and they are designed and cut in such a way that components and hardware can be easily attached to the motherboard.
Motherboard, the most important part of computer hardware – types of computer hardware
In computer hardware, the electrical circuit board on which all components and hardware, including CPU, Ram, etc. are installed, is called the motherboard. The set of slots used to connect peripherals, including sound, graphics, and RAM cards, are called expansion card sections. Development cards allow you to upgrade these components in addition to installing them. Slots in the back of the case are used to place connectors and connect cables and external accessories. Graphics processors (CPUs), sockets and memory slots, BIOS (batteries), drive connectors, etc. are installed on this circuit board.
Asus, GIGABYTE, Intel, etc. are the main manufacturers of motherboards. The current version of motherboards is DDR4, which supports the new and advanced generation. To identify the alignment of your motherboard, just install the CPU-Z software and see the volume of your motherboard from the Mainboard section.
CPU, the smart brain among computer hardware – types of computer hardware
Among computer hardware, in the technology industry, the CPU is the brain of the computer. Your computer is responsible for processing the input and output information of the CPU. In fact, CPUs are electronic chips that perform processing, logic, math, and control operations. Microprocessors are the most important part of a computer.
The CPU itself consists of the following parts:
Unit of arithmetic and logic
Stable memory
Control unit
Fast memory
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is an important part of the CPU that performs computational operations (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), data comparison operations (smaller and larger), and logic operations (such as OR). And AND).
The function of the Control Unit (CU) is to control the receipt of data from the input unit, to control the internal operations of the CPU, and to control the transmission of information to the output unit. This unit acts like a nervous system to control other parts of the computer.
Registers are small units of memory used to quickly and temporarily store results in the CPU. There are several registers in each CPU.
Fast or cache memory is very high speed memory, which is intended to increase CPU performance.
CPU speed is measured in terms of the number of instructions it can execute per second, and is measured in MHz (million commands per second) or GHz (billion commands per second).
Advanced CPUs up to version 7 are now supported on next generation systems. You can find your system CPU in GHz in the properties menu in My Computer. Graphics Card Representative of Computer Hardware Visual Interface – Types of Computer Hardware
In computer hardware, although graphics seem to be the interface between the monitor and the computer, they actually have potentials that are not found in any part of a computer. You perform professional operations such as recording and editing movies, advanced computer games and even watching movies through this hardware. Modern graphics cards are supported up to GTX versions. Inexpensive graphics cards are no longer responsive to advanced games, and GTX and RX models are now being used instead of previous generations of GT. Graphics card inputs and inputs are divided into DVI, HDMI and VGI. Intel graphics cards are mostly used in software and AMD Redon graphics cards are mostly used in advanced games (gaming).
RAM, electronic memory of computer hardware – types of computer hardware
The electronic memory of computer hardware is RAM. Main Memory is the storage area of your computers that microprocessors have direct access to. Primary memory is a critical memory in your system without which a computer can not run and run programs. Due to the high access speed, this type of memory is divided into integrated circuits and divided into two forms: RAM and ROM.
RAM is an electronic memory, in which high performance, applications are placed to run. These types of memory are read and write, so that they can both read and write information. The computer starts writing information to the RAM in the first empty space. But the important thing is that this information is never reviewed. As a result, the write speed on this type of memory is maximized. For this reason, this type of memory is also called “random access memory”. RAM is an electronic memory that is activated when your computers are turned on and lost information when the computer is turned off.
ROM is an electronic memory that contains instructions for identifying, controlling, and operating a computer. In the ROM, no information is entered or exited, and no information is erased when the power is turned off and the system is turned off. Computer users do not have access to this memory, and the computer automatically reads and executes its instructions when it is turned on.
Power, the power supply of computer hardware – types of computer hardware
Power, which is actually the power supply of computer hardware, is responsible for powering various computer components. Older power supplies are no longer capable of processing and supplying power to various components of modern motherboards. Therefore, the designers and manufacturers of the power supply have provided power supplies that can provide the necessary and sufficient power supply on advanced motherboards. One of these power supplies is the Green model, which has amazing processing capabilities. Power supplies actually receive city electricity and transmit it to various computer components.
Hard drive, your data storage among computer hardware – types of computer hardware
Your data is stored on PC hardware, Windows hard drives or drives. Whenever you try to save a project (such as a movie, music, file, etc.), it is actually saved on your hard drive. So the main task of the hard drive among the hardware is to constantly protect your information. The information inside the hard drive remains on the sectors until it is deleted. Hard drives have different parts.
Actuator: This part of the hard drive is responsible for controlling different parts. It’s actually called the hard brain.
Head Arm: It is called the mechanical arm part of the hard drive, which is the most central point of the hard drive.
Read / Write: Read and write data and information from this section.
Platter: The plotter protects your data and information.
Spindle: Through this section, the targets can read and write data and information on different parts of the hard drive.
Hard drives are divided into two categories: HDD and SSD. HDDs are the most used among users and SSDs are mostly used by users who need high speed operating systems. In fact, SSD hard drives are a set of drives that are used to process data in operating systems at the highest speed. PATA and SATA cables are among the cables that are connected to the motherboard via hard drive.
Sound card, computer hardware audio converter – all kinds of computer hardware
Among computer hardware, the sound card is responsible for transferring audio files to audio players. In fact, every time you play a song, the CPU receives information and transmits it to the sound card. Finally, the sound card sends the received information to the speaker and the desired music is played. Despite the external sound card, there are sound cards that are mostly designed in the form of a USB output interface, which is mostly used when the internal sound card has a problem. Most sound cards require driver installation. In fact, the sound card is an interface circuit between the speaker and the information received in the CPU.
DVD-ROM, Computer Hardware Supplement – Types of Computer Hardware
CDs and DVDs are played on your system via DVD-ROMs. You can access the contents of CDs and DVDs through this computer hardware. Despite reading CDs and DVDs, DVD-ROMs also have the ability to write or burn. With most software, such as Nero and ImgBurn, you can burn multiple files, such as movies and music, to raw CDs and DVDs. Internal DVD-ROMs are connected to the motherboard and computer power (power), and external DVD-ROMs called Slim Portable today can well replace internal DVD-ROMs.
BIOS, one of the computer hardware in the Rom category – types of computer hardware
BIOS stands for Basic Input / Output System among computer hardware and is actually a special electronic chip that is located on your computer motherboards and has the necessary content to run the operating system software. has it. BIOS is a type of Rom memory, also called a battery. ROM, which is read-only memory, unlike RAM, does not store temporary information, and the information in this chip can not be deleted or modified. Therefore, after turning off the system without user access, the information is deleted. There are also Flash BIOS types that can be deleted and eventually replaced with newer versions on the motherboard, see Ram for comparison between BIOS and Ram.
Computer ports, effective user interfaces among computer hardware – types of computer hardware
Serial ports (serial): Among computer hardware, serial ports are actually sockets located on the back of your computer. These ports allow you to add new hardware such as mice or modes. These ports are usually called Com1 or Com2. The word Com is actually derived from the word Communication meaning communication, so a abbreviated Com Port is a Communication Port.
USB ports: USB ports are new in the world of technology. You can connect multiple devices to the same port as converters and create different ports from them. In the past, you had to disconnect one device from the system and connect another device. But this is not necessary today. Apart from mobile phones, digital cameras and webcams are among the devices that use the USB port. USB3 is faster than LPT and Com ports in data exchange. As a result, USB3 ports are able to transfer data faster between computers and peripherals.
Parallel ports: Parallel ports such as Com Port that allow you to connect new equipment such as printers and scanners to your computer. The parallel port is commonly known as LPT1 or LPT2. In the image below, you can see the names of all the ports.
Hard disks used in servers and personal computers have a direct impact on the speed and performance of systems. In this article, we are going to get acquainted with the technology of different types of hard disks that are used in servers and networks.
NVMe hard drive
NVMe Memory is an efficient, high-performance host control interface with a simple set of commands and user interface. This memory is made for data centers, systems and companies that use non-volatile memory.
NVM Express focuses on enhancing performance and interoperability across a wide range of client and enterprise systems. NVM Express, like other solid state memory, uses a parallel level and is fully utilized by the host software and hardware. As a result, it reduces input / output overhead and makes many improvements over other logical device interfaces, such as reduced latency, long, multiple command queues. A distinctive feature of NVM Express is that it does not require a registry to provide a command.
This type of hard drive also has a simple storage stack. Both factors combine to help NVM Express achieve low latency. NVM Express provides a standard software interface standard for PCI solid-state devices, so there are no compatibility issues. NVM Express is highly optimized for memory-based storage.
NVM Express has many benefits. Significantly improves sequential and random performance due to reduced latency. Therefore, it has the ability to access more data in each CPU cycle. Another advantage of NVM Express is that it provides a standards-based approach that allows PCIe solid-state device collaboration. Compared to SATA-based solid state devices, NVM Express devices consume less power and have higher I / O performance per second. With multiple queues, NVM Express ensures that the CPU is reaching its full potential.
SSD hard drive
Solid state drive (SSD) is an electronic storage drive based on solid state architecture. SSDs are built with NAND and NOR flash memory to store non-volatile data and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). An SSD drive and a magnetic hard drive (HDD) have a similar purpose. An SSD is also known as a solid state drive (SSD) or electronic drive.
SSDs incorporate storage methods into microchip-based flash drives, where data is stored electronically on flash memory chips.
SSD has two main components. Flash memory: Has storage memory. Controller: A built-in microprocessor that processes functions such as error handling, data recovery, and encryption.
SCSI hard disk
Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a group of ANSI electronic interfaces that allow PCs to communicate with peripheral hardware, including tape drives, disk drives, printers, CD-ROMs, scanners, and more. Communications using SCSI are faster and more flexible than basic parallel data interfaces.
SSD hard drive
The latest version is 16-bit SCSI (Ultra-640) Fast-320. This version has been available since 2003 with a transfer speed of 640 Mbps. SCSI can connect to 16 devices using a cable up to 12 meters.
SCSI-2 or higher is capable of supporting up to seven peripherals including CD-ROM and scanner. These peripherals can be connected to a single SCSI port on a bus. SCSI ports were originally designed for Unix and Apple Macintosh computers. However, they can also be used on personal computers.
Even if not all devices can support all SCSI levels, SCSI standards are usually compatible with previous versions. In PCs, USB has replaced SCSI interfaces in most cases. However, corporate-level clients still use server-based SCSI for hard disk controllers.
SATA hard drive
SATA is a computer interface used to connect host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as optical drives and a variety of hard disks. This interface is commonly used to connect hard drives to a host system, such as a computer motherboard.
SATA has many advantages over ATA and PATA. Most features are instant switching and fast data transfer speed. Instant replacement is the ability to replace computer system components without having to turn off the system. Older systems had to be turned off before replacing or installing system modules. SATA data rate of 6 Gbps is also much faster than ATA and PATA.
What is the difference between SAS (SCSI) and SATA hard drives?
Although SATA and SCSI hard drives are very similar, there are some fundamental differences. SATA hard drives typically cost less, making them more common among consumers. SATA hard drives are known for their outstanding storage capacity and better performance compared to SCSI drives. Because of their high storage capacity, SATA drives are commonly used for file sharing, email, web, backup, and archiving.
On the other hand, SCSI hard drives are more reliable than SATA drives. SCSI drives are designed to participate in major applications with 24/7 usage and transmission speeds of up to 15,000 rpm. SCSI drives are valuable in systems where speed is more important. SCSI drives have no storage compared to SATA drives but perform better. If you are looking for more reliable storage capacity than SATA drives, SCSI drives offer higher capacity.
Advantages of SSD hard drives and its differences with SATA and SCSI
SSDs offer up to 100 times more power than traditional hard drives, which means faster boot and better overall system performance. Unlike SCSI and SATA drives, SSDs have no removable drives, making them the safest and most efficient option. Lack of moving parts also means reducing the risk of failure and increasing energy efficiency compared to traditional hard drives. SSDs are usually more expensive than SCSI and SATA hard drives because of their performance, speed, and reliability benefits. SSDs are ideal for high frequency instant data such as databases, CRMs or banking transactions.
The place of NVMe in all types of hard drives
NVMe is a faster interface for SSD speeds. As SSDs began to replace HDDs in computers, a new interface was needed to support high-speed SSDs.
The place of NVMe in all types of hard drives
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory) is an interface protocol designed specifically for all types of SSDs. NVMe uses SSD with PCI Express to transfer data. NVMe enables fast storage on PC SSDs and is an improvement over older hard disk drive (HDD) interfaces such as SATA and SAS. The only reason to use SATA and SCSI despite the SSD in computers is that until recently, only HDDs that are slower than the new technology have been used as high-capacity storage in computers. Flash memory is used in mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, USB drives and SD cards. (SSDs are flash memory.)
It is currently the main source of storage for smartphones and tablets. SSDs are now more expensive than hard drives and are often used as cache along with HDDs to speed up computer systems.
NVMe-based SSDs use PCIe to reduce latency over SSDs. The factors that the NVMe protocol uses must be somehow connected to the PCIe inside the computer. To date, NVMe connections can be made via a PCIe expansion card, a 2.5-inch U.2 connector, or a small M.2 form factor.
Let’s start with a question: Do you want to upgrade your computer and you do not have enough money to buy a powerful graphics card or professional CPU? The simplest solution in such a situation is to upgrade the computer’s RAM. Upgrading RAM, while low cost, can have a tangible impact on overall computer performance and give you higher speeds. Until now, the use of 8 GB of RAM in computers was a minimum standard, and now with the introduction of new games, most manufacturers recommend the use of at least 16 GB. But choosing a good RAM is not just about determining its value. There are several factors involved in choosing a good RAM that can make you a better buyer. You should also pay attention to things like speed, latency and number of channels before buying, and this is where choosing a RAM becomes a bit difficult. By reading this shopping guide, you can buy Rome more consciously.
Size and structural form
There are two general structural forms of RAM, one called DIMM and the other called SO-DIMM. The two, despite their many technological and practical similarities, should not be confused. The main difference is in the size of these modules. DIMMs are larger and more elongated and are used in desktop computers. But SO-DIMM is smaller and is therefore used in All in One laptops and computers.
Types of RAM memory
RAMs come in a variety of forms and are recognizable by their DDR standard numbering. DDR standards, identified by the order of their numbers, have been introduced to DDR4, and each has improved over the previous generation. In general, each generation of DDR is faster than the previous generation, consumes less power and reduces latency. A limiting factor for the user is that not every generation of this memory can be used on a computer designed for the previous generation. Because DDR standards differ in the number of connection pins and the distance between the middle slot of the module. For example, in the DIMM model, we saw 204 pins in DDR3 RAM, and now the number of pins in desktop DDR4 RAMs has reached 288. Therefore, for a computer designed to use DDR3 RAM, you can not use DDR4 RAM. Every computer motherboard accepts only one type of this standard, and it is this motherboard that does not allow the use of different types. If you do not know what kind of memory is on your computer, you may be able to tell from the time of purchase of the computer:
DDR model: It was used in computers in 2002.
DDR2 model: was introduced in mid-2002 and has been used in computers ever since.
DDR3 model: has been used in computers since 2007 (2007) and has had the greatest influence in the computer market.
DDR4 model: was introduced in 2014 (2014) and is the fastest standard of this family so far.
RAM capacity and configuration
We are now living in an era where the use of three and four gigabytes of RAM in mobile phones has become natural. In such a situation, it is not at all strange that computers use 8 and 16 GB of RAM and even more. Now that RAMs are reasonably priced, it is no longer permissible to think about cost savings when buying RAM. Now, for a simple computer whose tasks are limited to opening a few text files and browsing the web, at least 8 GB of RAM is recommended. For those who want to build a computer for 3D modeling, editing or gaming purposes, the choice of less than 16 GB will not make sense. Some may be hesitant to choose between faster memory with less capacity and slower memory with more capacity. In such cases, it is better to put more capacity as the first priority and choose the memory with the maximum possible capacity.
In addition, you should pay attention to the number of channels on the agenda. In today’s market, we see single-channel, two-channel and four-channel rams, each with its own definition. In general, increasing the number of channels or using a multi-channel system in RAMs will increase the available bandwidth. In this way, RAM can move more data at any time. Instead of buying one high-capacity single-channel RAM, buy two half-capacity RAMs of the first model and use them in dual-channel mode.
Speed and delay schedule
The speed of RAM is expressed in MHz and is not out of certain numbers. For example, between 2133 MHz and 2400 MHz, there is no other frequency, and your memory must have one of the valid frequencies. There are two types of representations for frequency that are actually equivalent and are converted to each other by a simple formula. For example, you may sometimes see the term DDR3-1600 and sometimes you may encounter PC3-12800. In these two expressions, the number that comes after DDR and PC refers to the type of memory module and the end number represents the frequency. In terms of DDR, the terminal number refers directly to the frequency (in MHz), and the number used in the PC display refers to the maximum data transfer rate in megabytes per second. The second number is obtained by multiplying the principal frequency by the number eight; That is, if you see a memory module that states the frequency with the phrase PC, quickly divide the prime number by eight to get to the original frequency. Regarding the frequency or the speed of RAM, it is important to pay attention to two points. The first is to always try to get the fastest memory, and the second is to make sure that the RAM frequency is compatible with the maximum frequency supported by your motherboard. All motherboard manufacturers declare the maximum supported frequency for their product RAM slots. If your RAM frequency is higher than the maximum frequency supported by your motherboard, the RAM will run at a slower speed than its original speed.
Another factor is the latency of RAM, which is represented by three- or four-digit expressions. Each of these numbers represents a specific type of delay, the most famous of which is the first. The first number is known as CAS Latency, which is denoted by the clock cycle and is denoted by CL. This delay time is actually the time between sending the command and executing it. There is a special relationship between memory latency and its speed, which is very important to understand. The higher the memory frequency and the shorter the latency, the better the memory performance. Many people only pay attention to the frequency and number of CL and find that the higher the frequency, the higher the number of CL. For this reason, some people think that due to the increase in CAS delay with increasing frequency, part of the declared speed is practically unattainable. But the truth is that with increasing frequency, the latency decreases or remains almost constant at worst.
The reason for this can be explained as follows: The number expressed for CL represents the number of hour cycles that take from the time the command is sent to its execution and is in no way related to the amount of time elapsed per second. Each clock cycle has its own specific time value in nanoseconds (ns), and the final latency must be obtained by multiplying the number of cycles by the time value of each cycle. The value of each cycle can be obtained by inverting the memory frequency; Because according to a physical law, the period is the inverse of the frequency. For example, if a DDR3 RAM is provided at 533 MHz and CL7, each clock cycle would be 1.533000000 seconds, which is equivalent to 1.87 nanoseconds. Now in this memory the real value of CAS is equal to 13.09 nanoseconds. If we want to make a simple comparison, consider another DDR4 RAM with a frequency of 800 MHz and CL9. In this memory, the value of each cycle will be 1.25 nanoseconds, and by multiplying it by 9, a delay of 11.25 nanoseconds will be obtained. You can see that despite the higher CL number in the DDR4 example, the actual latency was lower. This is because the initial frequency of DDR4 memory production is higher than that of DDR3s, which reduces the time value of each cycle.
Actual delay = number of clock cycles x time per clock cycle
The problem is that all RAM makers suffice to express the latency to the value of CL and write only this value on the memory. With CL, only one component of the above equation will be available, which cannot be used to determine the latency. If you want to judge the response speed of a memory module, you have to look at it from a nanosecond perspective. In the table below you can see an example of this fact and see how a module with more CL may have less latency. Now what is the result of all this talk? Surely the question has arisen for you, how can one finally choose one of the available RAM modules? Our advice is to pay attention only to the MHz speed and choose the highest frequency that matches your pocket. Rest assured that as the frequency increases, the actual latency remains virtually unchanged.
Now that you understand the difference between different types of RAM and your understanding of frequency and time latency, choosing a good RAM is no longer a difficult task. Just pay attention to your needs and choose a good model from a reputable manufacturer for yourself. Remember that more capacity is always better than more speed. Most of the capacity is the undisputed king of the Roman world.
The HPE ProLiant DL180 is an entry-level enterprise server designed for SMB and service providers. Like the smaller DL160 model, this server is ideal for those who need the pedigree and quality of a server from a company like HPE, but you don’t necessarily need all the features and capabilities of larger solutions (i.e., more extensive integrations with different technologies and better support for CPUs and RAM). For example, you might want to set up a file server for a small office where you need a lot of data available 24/7 but you don’t necessarily need high-end performance.
That said, the HPE ProLiant DL180 is powered by dual Intel Xeon Scalable 3200-8200 and 3100-4100 series processors, which features models up to 24 cores, and can be outfitted with upwards of 1.0 TB of DDR4 RAM. It is also a 2U server, so it can to be configured in a variety of different ways (vs. the DL160, which is more limited due to its 1U build). For example, you populate it with 12 large form-factor drives and there are options in the back to bring to total to 26 x 2.5-inch drives inside the DL180. The build we were shipped included two 7k 2TB HDDs.
Even though the DL180 is certainly a value-based system available to users, HPE still makes all of their software tools and management portfolio available (like ILO and InfoSight for servers). This system starts roughly around $1,000, but you still have all capabilities of the larger servers from the ProLiant line.
Our video review is here:
Our build includes an Intel Xeon 3206 CPU and 8 x 16TB Seagate IronWolf Pro HDDs.
HPE ProLiant DL180 Gen10 Specifications
Processor Type
Intel
Processor Family
Intel Xeon Scalable 3200-8200 series & Intel Xeon Scalable 3100-4100 series
Processor Core Available
4 to 24 core, depending on processor
Processor Cache Installed
8.25-35.75 MB L3, depending on processor
Maximum Memory
1.0 TB with 64 GB DDR4
Memory Slots
16 DIMM slots
Memory Type
HPE DDR4 SmartMemory
NVDIMM Type
None
Drive Supported
8-24 SFF SAS/SATA HDD/SSD, 8-12 LFF SAS/SATA HDD/SSD, optional rear 2SFF SAS/SATA HDD/SSD depending on model
Network Controller
HPE embedded 2-port 1 GbE Ethernet adapter and optional HPE FlexibleLOM, Media Module Adapter, or PCIe stand-up card
Remote Management Software
PE iLO Standard with Intelligent Provisioning (embedded), HPE OneView Standard (requires download), Optional- HPE iLO Advanced, and HPE OneView Advanced (require licenses)
System Fan Features
Standard single rotor hot swap fans
Power Supply Type
Up to 2 HPE Flexible Slot Power Supplies
Expansion Slots
6
Storage Controller
HPE Smart Array S100i and/or 1 HPE Essential or Performance RAID controller, depending on model
Processor
Processor Name: Intel Processor Number: 1 or 2 Processor Speed: 3.8 GHz maximum depending on processor
Weight: 28.0 lb minimum, 58.0 lb maximum Product Dimensions: 3.44 x 17.54 x 24.99 in
Warranty Standard Statement
3/3/3 Server Warranty includes 3-Year Parts, 3-Year Labor, 3-Year Onsite support with next business day response. Additional HPE support and service coverage for your product can be purchased locally.
HPE ProLiant DL180 Design and build
Overall, this is a very similar build to other ProLiant servers. On the front panel, it has all the storage bays, which can look different depending on what your configuration is. For us, we have eight 3.5-inch bays stacked horizontally. On the left side is a pull handle while the right includes a slot for an optical drive, a port for ILO management, and a USB port.
Turning the server around, it reveals that we are dealing with just a single 500W power supply, just like the DL160. It can be easily pulled out with the small lever if you need to swap it out for any reason. The black slot for another PSU is right next to it. On the left are the network ports, a VGA port, iLO port, USB (for keyboard and mouse), PCIe expansion slots, and one riser.
To pop the lid open, simply pull the lever on the top and slide it off. Because this is a 2U server, we have a bit more room to manage the components. So, one of the things HPE added is a transparent shroud to control airflow, which covers the area where the fans, CPU and RAM are located.
One we removed the shroud (which can be simply be lifted), we can see the SATA backplanes at the front. Next to this, we have small fans that are slightly bigger than those in the DL160; they are connected on-board and can be easily remove/installed. Along the side is a blue holder, which would house the battery backup if we had a RAID card installed (we don’t currently have one inside, so we will be using HPE’s software RAID). Next are the 16 DIMM slots that run along the center of the board. You’ll be able to access eight per CPU installed. In between the RAM are the two CPU slots.
Along the back reside the single power supply and a slot the other, which is next to the on-board ILO chip. To the right is the single riser with three PCIe expansion slots (the second one would reside right next to it if we have dual CPUs).
Management
The HPE ProLiant DL190 Gen10 leverages Integrated Lights-Out (iLO) 5 for management. We’ve done a fairly in depth look at iLO 5 that can be found here. Below are a few points on how it would look on the DL180.
Under the main Information tab there are several sub-tabs including Overview (viewed here), Security Dashboard, Session List, iLO Event Log, and Integrated Management Log. As the name implies, the Overview tab give general information about the system. It also gives users a quick glance at health and security of the system.
Under the Firmware & OS Software tab there are sub-tabs such as Firmware, Software, Maintenance Windows, and iLO Repository. Drilling into the Firmware sub-tab, user can see the firmware, whether it is up to date, and it can be updated here.
The Remote Console & Media tab has the following sub-tabs: Launch, Virtual Media, Hot Keys, and Security. The Launch sub-tab lets users launch .NET IRC in either .NET or HTML5.
HPE ProLiant DL180 Performance
For measuring the synthetic performance of the DL180 server, we outfitted the 3.5″ bays with eight Seagate 16TB IronWolf Pro HDDs which we tested in JBOD.
VDBench Workload Analysis
When it comes to benchmarking storage arrays, application testing is best, and synthetic testing comes in second place. While not a perfect representation of actual workloads, synthetic tests do help to baseline storage devices with a repeatability factor that makes it easy to do apples-to-apples comparison between competing solutions. These workloads offer a range of different testing profiles ranging from “four corners” tests, common database transfer size tests, as well as trace captures from different VDI environments. All of these tests leverage the common vdBench workload generator, with a scripting engine to automate and capture results over a large compute testing cluster. This allows us to repeat the same workloads across a wide range of storage devices, including flash arrays and individual storage devices.
Profiles:
4K Random Read: 100% Read, 128 threads, 0-120% iorate
4K Random Write: 100% Write, 64 threads, 0-120% iorate
As we only tested HDDs, we didn’t run our normal full spectrum of benchmarks.
With random 4K read, the HPE ProLiant DL180 Gen10 started at 609 IOPS at 6,823µs latency while peaking at 4,364 IOPS at a latency of 25.8ms.
For random 4K write, the DL180 peaked at 3,278 IOPS with a latency of 35ms.
Switching over to sequential performance and starting with our 1024K read, the DL180 peaked at about 1.1GB/s at 52ms.
For 1024K write, the DL180 showed a peak of 821MB/s (with a tiny spike at the end) with a latency of 73.8ms.
Conclusion
Those who might not want to spend four or five thousand dollars on a server when you have a small office will find a lot to like with the HPE ProLiant DL180: you don’t need the top performance, but you have all the enterprise management features, 24/7 data availability and the pedigree of an HPE server. All at a low cost. Though you can certainly up the price significantly if you outfit the server with the high-end CPUs (a range of Xeon processors), install the optional components or fill out all the RAM slots (maximum of 16 x 64GB LRDIMM), the base model of the DL180 is a fantastic way to add server data management to smaller businesses.
To test its performance goes, we put the entry-level Gen10 server through our VDBench workloads using a configuration of 8 x 16TB Seagate IronWolf Pro HDDs, so performance will yield noticeably different results than using an SSD configuration (like we used with the DL160). Here, the 2U server showed peaks of 4,364 IOPS in 4K read, 3,278 IOPS in 4K write, 1.1GB/s in 1024K read, and 821MB/s in 1024K write.
Overall, the HPE DL180 is a solid entry-level enterprise server for SMB and service providers looking for the versatility a 2U form factor brings, while still getting the light-enterprise features HPE offers.
The HPE ProLiant DL580 Gen10 Server is a secure, highly expandable, 4P server with high-performance, scalability and availability in a 4U chassis. Supporting the Intel® Xeon® Scalable processors with up to a 28% performance gain, the HPE ProLiant DL580 Gen10 Server delivers greater processing power than previous generations. This provides up to 6 TB of 2666 MT/s memory with up to 66% greater memory bandwidth2, up to 16 PCIe 3.0 slots, plus the simplicity of automated management with HPE OneView and HPE iLO 5. HPE ProLiant DL580 Gen10 Server is the ideal server for business-critical workloads and general 4P data-intensive applications where the right performance is paramount.
The HPE ProLiant DL580 Gen9 Server is the 4S enterprise standard x86 server offering commanding performance, rock-solid reliability and availability, and compelling consolidation and virtualization efficiencies. Supporting Intel® Xeon® E7-4800/8800 v4/v3 processors, the DL580 Gen9 Server offers enhanced processor performance, up to 6 TBs of memory, greater IO bandwidth (9 PCIe Gen 3.0 slots), and 12 Gb/s of SAS speeds. The DL580 Gen9 Server has security and data protection features for system resiliency that your business can depend on. All, making it ideal for mission-critical enterprise, business intelligence, and database applications. Whether needed for highly virtualized or cloud based deployments, with intelligence and simplicity of automated management with HPE OneView and HPE iLO4 your business can achieve agile and lower cost infrastructure management.
Rev up application performance like never before with VNX5400 unified storage systems. These data storage systems feature MCx for multicore optimization that delivers a four-fold increase in transaction performance over previous EMC VNX systems. Get high performance and low latency for virtualization and IOPS-intensive applications.
Deduplication, compression, and thin provisioning reduce your SAN and NAS storage requirements dramatically. Choose FAST Suite to automate storage tiering, and you’ll benefit from the best performance at the lowest cost. Protect data with options including point-in-time snapshots and remote replication.
Key Features
Provides unified block, file, and object support
Delivers high performance and low latency with MCx multicore optimization
Supports 750 TB max raw capacity
Reduces capacity needs with block-based and file-based deduplication and compression
Offers industry-leading integration with VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V virtualization
Pairs with FAST Suite to optimize performance and cost
Simplifies administration with EMC Unisphere Management Suite
For random 4K write, the DL180 peaked at 3,278 IOPS with a latency of 35ms.
Switching over to sequential performance and starting with our 1024K read, the DL180 peaked at about 1.1GB/s at 52ms.
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